First-Century Synagogue: First-Century SynagogueHow does one reconstruct a synagogue from the First Century? We studied historical texts and archaeological evidence, focusing especially on two synagogues (Gamla and Masada) which were destroyed in the 1st Century and never rebuilt.  To better understand the different types of ancient synagogue in the Land of Israel we also examined ruins from later period sites, such as Kiryat Sefer, as well as 1st Century settlements such as Magdala, which contain structures whose status as “synagogues” was more open to question. The historical research and field surveys were synthesized to develop the architectural plan of a typical synagogue which should appropriate for 1st Century Nazareth.  Our plan was circulated amongst top scholars for review, then used as a basis for reconstruction.

Although early synagogues were each unique, they share common features which scholars agree  were definitive of 1st Century Synagogues; Inner walls surrounded by benches, and a central space defined by a colonnade. The two corners at the rear of the colonnade uses heart-shaped columns, which are two columns carved into one. Archaeologists believe that these columns supported a clerestory roof.  The interior arrangements provided the building with plenty of light and ventilation, making it a pleasant and comfortable space for public gatherings.

Kiryat Sefer Synagogue Plan	Masada Synagogue Plan
Gamla Synagogue Plan	Conceptual Plan (Architect Ehud Netzer)

Nazareth Village Synagogue Plan: Nazareth Village Synagogue Plan (Architect Riyad Hadad)